Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C) and line a 9x9 inch square baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on the sides.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the melted butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar until well combined.
Add the egg and vanilla extract, whisking until the mixture is smooth and slightly lightened in color.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, oats, baking soda, and fine sea salt.
Fold the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients using a spatula until a thick dough forms.
Press half of the oat dough firmly into the bottom of the prepared baking pan in an even layer.
Bake the bottom layer for 10 minutes, then remove from the oven.
Sprinkle the chocolate chips over the warm base, then pour the caramel sauce evenly over the chips.
Crumble the remaining dough in small pieces over the caramel layer, pressing down very lightly to anchor.
Return to the oven and bake for 18 to 22 minutes until the top is golden brown and the edges are set.
Remove from the oven and immediately sprinkle the flaky sea salt over the top.
Allow the bars to cool completely in the pan for at least 2 hours to let the caramel set before slicing into 16 squares.